Pathology
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Fetopathology and developmental pathology of the embryo and fetus
Marta Ježová, Josef Feit et al.
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Migration disorders
Introduction

Abnormal migration of neurons to the cortex can be easily recognised by abnormal gyrification.

Classification
  • Agyria: very rare defect, brain surface is almost completely smooth, gyri are absent. On sectioning the cortex is very thick and white matter thin. There is an abnormal four-layer cortex.
  • Pachygyria: gyri are wide, thick and reduced in number. Both agyria and pachygyria are etiologically often associated with chromosomal aberrations, gene mutations and teratogens.
  • Polymicrogyria: very small gyri, sometimes with little central dimples caused by mechanisms of disruption.
  • Heterotopic gray matter: small foci of unmigrated gray matter can be found under the ependyma of the lateral ventricles or between the ventricle and the cortex. This is seen in many different conditions: agyria and pachygyria, Arnold-Chiari malformation.

Agyria (72497)

Pictures

Agyria, 2 years old child: Agyria, 2 years old child, Macro, autopsy (72498) Agyria, 2 years old child, Macro, autopsy (72497)

Periventricular heterotopia: Periventricular heterotopia of the cerebral cortex, Macro, autopsy (74400) Periventricular heterotopia of the cerebral cortex, Macro, autopsy (74401) Periventricular heterotopia of the cerebral cortex, Macro, autopsy (74402) Periventricular heterotopia of the cerebral cortex, Macro, autopsy (74403) Periventricular heterotopia of the cerebral cortex, Macro, autopsy (74404)