Fetopathology and developmental pathology of the embryo and fetus: Monstra duplicia

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+ Atlas of fetal pathology

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Monstra duplicia

Monstra duplicia form when the zygote does not split completely, therefore the fetus has some body parts once and others twice.

Clinical signs

incidence: 1 : 50 000 – 1 : 100 000
3/4 are female
the most frequent form is thoracopagus (shared thorax and thoracic organs)
other congenital malformations which are not caused by the “fusion” in 50% of cases
prognosis:
- depends on the degree of organ sharing, especially the heart
- stillborn rate is high
- some types can live a long time, however

Etiology

Monozygotic twins, late twinning (13 – 14th day after fertilization).

Gemini monochoriati inequales

Duplicitas symmetros

Asymmetric dual monsters