Fetopathology and developmental pathology of the embryo and fetus: Anorectal malformations

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+ Atlas of fetal pathology

+ Congenital malformations

+ Physiological developement of an embryo and fetus, growth and changes of the external shape

+ Congenital malformations and congenital anomalies

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+ Sirenomelia (Mermaid syndrome)

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+ Pierre-Robin sequence

+ Caudal regression syndrome (sacral agenesis)

+ VACTERL association

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+ Congenital malformations of the respiratory system

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+ Diaphragm and congenital malformations

+ Congenital malformations of kidneys and efferent urinary tracts

+ Renal agenesis

+ Variations of shape and position of the kidneys

+ Renal cystic disease

+ Infantile polycystic kidneys (ARKPD)

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+ Congenital malformations of genital system and somatosexual congenital disorders

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+ Androgen insensitivity syndrome, testicular feminization syndrome, female XY

+ Pseudohermaphroditism femininus

+ Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

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+ Congenital malformations of female genitalia

+ Congenital malformations of the internal genitalia

+ Congenital malformations associated with congenital malformations of urinary system

+ Congenital malformations of the vulva

+ Congenital malformations of the male genital organs

+ Cryptorchidism

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+ Defects of heart septum

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+ Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum

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+ Congenital malformations of the gastrointestinal tract

+ Oral cavity and the palate

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+ Atresia

+ Congenital esophagus stenoses

+ Congenital malformations of the stomach

+ Congenital malformations of the intestines

+ Atresia

+ Malrotation of the intestine

+ Remnants of the omphalomesentric duct

+ Anorectal malformations

+ Duplicatures

+ Defects of the abdominal wall

+ Omphalocele

+ Gastroschisis

+ Limb-body wall complex

+ Pentalogy of Cantrell

+ Developemental anomalies of the skeleton

+ Defects of growth of tubular bone and/or spine

+ Thanatophoric dysplasia

+ Diastrophic dysplasia

+ Abnormalities of density of cortical diaphyseal structure or metaphyseal modeling

+ Osteogenesis imperfecta

+ Limb malformations

+ Terminal transverse limb defects

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+ Finger anomalies

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+ Constriction (amniotic) band syndrome

+ Placental inflammation

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Anorectal malformations

Clinical signs

most common congenital malformation of the intestine, more frequent in males
occurs isolated or in combination with other anomalies (VACTERL syndrome)
there are many variations of anorectal and cloacal anomalies which are high, intermedial and low according to the relation between the dead end of the intestine and the musculus levator ani
frequent fistulas, communication with urethra, vagina, urinary bladder, opening on the perineum

Classification

rectal atresia
anorectal agenesis (communicating, noncommunicating)
stenosis of the anus
membranous atresia of the anus
anal agenesis (communicating, noncommunicating)
persistating cloaca: common opening of the rectum, vagina and urethra on the perineum

Pictures

High rectum aplasia at VATER association, 20-week fetus: High atresia of the rectum, VATER association, Macro, autopsy (72151)