Systemic venous anomalies:

Relatively often the left superior vena cava persists and leads into the principal heart vein (sinus coronarius). It is an asymptomatic anomaly. Remark: left superior vena cava is always founded but disappears normally during the development.

Pulmonary venous anomalies:>

• total anomalous pulmonary venous connection:
  • all pulmonary veins join into one venous trunk which anomally drain into the system veins above the diaphragm (v. brachiocefalica, superior vena cava) or under the diaphragm (inferior vena cava, portal vein)
  • obstrucion of the common venous drainage is especially common in infradiaphragmatic variant
  • rare serious malformation
• partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection:
  • in the most common form the right sided pulmonary veins drain directly into the right heart (into the superior vena cava or directly into the right atrium); there is a sinus venosus type of atrial septal defect