Pathology
Images
Atlas of Neonatal Pathology
Marta Ježová, Josef Feit
×
+ Introduction
+ Using this atlas
+ Conditions of using this atlas
+ Technical notes
+ Hardware
+ Software
+ How to use the atlas
+ Navigating through the text pages
+ Controlling the pictures
+ Logos and labels
+ What will you need to use the atlas
+ Bugs, problems
+ Netscape
+ Microsoft Internet Explorer
+ Some other Internet resources concerning dermatopathology and pathology
+ Support
+ Support
+ Neonatal pathology
+ Basic terms and classification of newborn infants
+ The Apgar score
+ Classification of newborn infants by weight and gestation
+ Pathology of gestation length
+ Prematurity
+ Postmaturity (Clifford syndrome)
+ Growth and developement
+ Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), small for gestational age infant (SGA)
+ Large for gestational age infant (LGA)
+ Physical maturity
+ Pathology of prematurity
+ Gross appearance of premature infant
+ Difficulties in maintaining homeostasis
+ Thermoregulation
+ Hypoglycemia
+ Hyperbilirubinemia
+ Fluids and electrolytes
+ Apnea of prematurity
+ Anemia of prematurity
+ Hyaline membrane disease (HMD)
+ Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)
+ Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH)
+ Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL)
+ Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
+ Iatrogenic diseases and damage
+ Respiratory system
+ Injuries caused by endotracheal intubation
+ Pulmonary air leak
+ Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)
+ Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)
+ Cardiovascular system
+ Total parenteral nutrition associated hepatic damage
+ Infections
+ Viability, survivability and long term sequelae of prematurity
+ Viability
+ Survivability in prematurity
+ Severe long term sequelae in babies born prematurely
+ Birth asphyxia
+ Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE)
+ Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS)
+ Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (persistent fetal circulation)
+ Birth trauma
+ Extracranial lesions
+ Soft tissus injuries
+ Intraabdominal injuries
+ Peripheral and cranial nerve injuries
+ Bone injuries
+ Cranial trauma
+ Perinatal infection
+ Intrauterine infections (TORCH group)
+ Sepsis neonatorum
+ Blenorrhea neonatorum
+ HIV infection
+ Stillbirth and perinatal mortality
+ Stillbirth
+ Perinatal mortality
+ Neonatal pathology nonrelated to prematurity, birth asphyxia or infection
+ Congenital anomalies in liveborn infants
+ Kernicterus
+ Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn
+ Spontenous gastric perforation in a neonate
Hardware

Leica DMLB microscope with a set of fluotar lenses (HC Fluotar 5/0.15, 10/0.30, 20/0.50, 40/0.70, 100/1.30 and a Plan 2/0.07 lenses) equipped with the Leica S1 scanning camera is used to obtain pictures at the resolution of up to 5112×5112 pixels, 3×12 bit color.

Later Leica DMLA microscope with a set of PlanApo lenses (HC Fluotar 5/0.15, HC PlanApo 10/0.30, 20/0.50, 40/0.70, 100/1.30 and a Plan 2/0.07 lenses) equipped with the Nikon DMX-1200 digital camera was used to obtain pictures at the resolution at 1200×1000 pixels, 3× 8 bit color. Motorized stage (Merzhäuser) was automatically moved from one image to another. Software for image analysis and manipulation Lucia DI by LIM (Laboratory Imaging, Prague) was used to create composed, very large pictures.

The same microscope and software is now used to create focusable images.

Recently we are using microscope Nikon 90i equipped with a set of objectives 2 – 100×. Objectives CFI PlanApo 20×/0.75, CFI 40×/0.95, CFI VC 60×oil.im./1.40 and CFI VC 100×oil.im./1.40 are used to capture the images. The microscope is controlled by NIS ELEMENTS AR LIM (Laboratory Imaging, Prague). Camera Nikon DS-Fi1 has resolution 2560×1920 px, 3×8 bit. Motorized stage: Prior ProScan with a holder for 4 slides. The system was obtained through grant support MEDIGRID (CESNET) in 2008.

These pictures are digitally manipulated (color balancing, contrast enhancement and sharpening), 3×8 bit color and archived on CD ROM. Subsequently these images are compressed using JPEG (JFIF lossy format) to 900×900 pixel images and integrated into the hypertext atlas. Sizes of very large images (showing details) are up to 7400×7400 pixels.

Images with focusing feature (z-stack of images) were taken by Nikon Eclipse 1000 microscope with a set of Plan Fluor lenses (esp. 100/1.30) with motorized focusing, digital camera 1300×1000 px (Basler), controlled by Lucia DI image analysis (LIM) software.

The same microscope and camera were used to take some of the fluorescence images.