Pathology
Images
Atlas of Neonatal Pathology
Marta Ježová, Josef Feit
Index
Contents
Authors
Up
Next
Back
×
+ Introduction
+ Using this atlas
+ Conditions of using this atlas
+ Technical notes
+ Hardware
+ Software
+ How to use the atlas
+ Navigating through the text pages
+ Controlling the pictures
+ Logos and labels
+ What will you need to use the atlas
+ Bugs, problems
+ Netscape
+ Microsoft Internet Explorer
+ Some other Internet resources concerning dermatopathology and pathology
+ Support
+ Support
+ Neonatal pathology
+ Basic terms and classification of newborn infants
+ The Apgar score
+ Classification of newborn infants by weight and gestation
+ Pathology of gestation length
+ Prematurity
+ Postmaturity (Clifford syndrome)
+ Growth and developement
+ Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), small for gestational age infant (SGA)
+ Large for gestational age infant (LGA)
+ Physical maturity
+ Pathology of prematurity
+ Gross appearance of premature infant
+ Difficulties in maintaining homeostasis
+ Thermoregulation
+ Hypoglycemia
+ Hyperbilirubinemia
+ Fluids and electrolytes
+ Apnea of prematurity
+ Anemia of prematurity
+ Hyaline membrane disease (HMD)
+ Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)
+ Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH)
+ Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL)
+ Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
+ Iatrogenic diseases and damage
+ Respiratory system
+ Injuries caused by endotracheal intubation
+ Pulmonary air leak
+ Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)
+ Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)
+ Cardiovascular system
+ Total parenteral nutrition associated hepatic damage
+ Infections
+ Viability, survivability and long term sequelae of prematurity
+ Viability
+ Survivability in prematurity
+ Severe long term sequelae in babies born prematurely
+ Birth asphyxia
+ Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE)
+ Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS)
+ Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (persistent fetal circulation)
+ Birth trauma
+ Extracranial lesions
+ Soft tissus injuries
+ Intraabdominal injuries
+ Peripheral and cranial nerve injuries
+ Bone injuries
+ Cranial trauma
+ Perinatal infection
+ Intrauterine infections (TORCH group)
+ Sepsis neonatorum
+ Blenorrhea neonatorum
+ HIV infection
+ Stillbirth and perinatal mortality
+ Stillbirth
+ Perinatal mortality
+ Neonatal pathology nonrelated to prematurity, birth asphyxia or infection
+ Congenital anomalies in liveborn infants
+ Kernicterus
+ Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn
+ Spontenous gastric perforation in a neonate
Intrauterine infections (TORCH group)
Etiology

Congenital infections of fetus and neonate with almost uniform clinical presentation and high risk of permanent handicap in survivors. The organisms spread accros the placenta. Cytomegalovirus is by far the most common.

  • T  —  toxoplasmosis
  • O  —  others (syphilis, parvovirus B19, varicella zoster etc.)
  • R  —  rubella
  • C  —  cytomegalovirus
  • H  —  herpes simplex
Clinical signs
  • intrauterine growth retardation or failure to thrive
  • hydrops fetalis
  • jaundice or hepatosplenomegaly
  • skin rash (various)
  • CNS damage:
    • hydrocephalus (CMV, Toxoplamosis) or microcephaly (rubella)
    • intracranial calcifications, seizures
  • eye lesions:
    • microphthalmia
    • cataracts
    • chorioretinitis
  • visceral lesions:
    • pneumonitis
    • myocarditis
    • encephalitis
    • hemolytic anemia
    • bone defects (syphilis)
    • congenital heart anomalies (rubella)

On the other hand most infants have no apparent illness in the neonatal period but some of them present later during childhood with developemental delay, mental retardation or vision and hearing loss. This is particularly true for CMV infection.