Pathology
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Atlas of Neonatal Pathology
Marta Ježová, Josef Feit
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+ Introduction
+ Support
+ Neonatal pathology
Large for gestational age infant (LGA)
Introduction

An infant weighing 4000 g or more at term.

Etiology
  • habitus (tall and heavier women have larger babies)
  • maternal obesity
  • maternal diabetes
  • rare macrosomic syndromes (Beckwidth  —  Wiedemann syndrome etc.)
Clinical signs

Potential complications

  • cephalopelvic disproportion and shoulder dystocia in vaginal delivery
  • increased incidence of birth injuries (skeletal system, peripheral nerves) and birth asphyxia as a result of difficult extraction
  • cesarean delivery may be necessary
  • diabetic fetopathy  — problems of macrosomia and relative organ immaturity, see the section Diabetes mellitus and pregnancy
Pictures

Large for gestational age stillbirth of diabetic mother with birth weight 5900 g. Vaginal delivery was difficult and complicated by shoulder dystocia. Diabetic fetopathy, Macro, autopsy (73791)